diff --git a/esphome/config_validation.py b/esphome/config_validation.py
index 19d4747575..afc800f3f2 100644
--- a/esphome/config_validation.py
+++ b/esphome/config_validation.py
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     KEY_CORE,
     KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION,
     KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK,
+    KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM,
 )
 from esphome.core import (
     CORE,
@@ -1734,6 +1735,7 @@ def require_framework_version(
     esp_idf=None,
     esp32_arduino=None,
     esp8266_arduino=None,
+    rp2040_arduino=None,
     max_version=False,
     extra_message=None,
 ):
@@ -1761,8 +1763,23 @@ def require_framework_version(
                     msg += f". {extra_message}"
                 raise Invalid(msg)
             required = esp8266_arduino
+        elif CORE.is_rp2040 and framework == "arduino":
+            if rp2040_arduino is None:
+                msg = "This feature is incompatible with RP2040"
+                if extra_message:
+                    msg += f". {extra_message}"
+                raise Invalid(msg)
+            required = rp2040_arduino
         else:
-            raise NotImplementedError
+            raise Invalid(
+                f"""
+            Internal Error: require_framework_version does not support this platform configuration
+                platform: {core_data[KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM]}
+                framework: {framework}
+
+            Please report this issue on GitHub -> https://github.com/esphome/issues/issues/new?template=bug_report.yml.
+            """
+            )
 
         if max_version:
             if core_data[KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION] > required: