diff --git a/CODEOWNERS b/CODEOWNERS
index 7dd18d2c51..d6104c9345 100644
--- a/CODEOWNERS
+++ b/CODEOWNERS
@@ -237,6 +237,7 @@ esphome/components/ltr_als_ps/* @latonita
 esphome/components/lvgl/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/m5stack_8angle/* @rnauber
 esphome/components/matrix_keypad/* @ssieb
+esphome/components/max17043/* @blacknell
 esphome/components/max31865/* @DAVe3283
 esphome/components/max44009/* @berfenger
 esphome/components/max6956/* @looping40
diff --git a/esphome/components/max17043/__init__.py b/esphome/components/max17043/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1db25ccdd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/max17043/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+CODEOWNERS = ["@blacknell"]
diff --git a/esphome/components/max17043/automation.h b/esphome/components/max17043/automation.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..44729d119b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/max17043/automation.h
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+
+#pragma once
+#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
+#include "max17043.h"
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace max17043 {
+
+template<typename... Ts> class SleepAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  explicit SleepAction(MAX17043Component *max17043) : max17043_(max17043) {}
+
+  void play(Ts... x) override { this->max17043_->sleep_mode(); }
+
+ protected:
+  MAX17043Component *max17043_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace max17043
+}  // namespace esphome
diff --git a/esphome/components/max17043/max17043.cpp b/esphome/components/max17043/max17043.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4a83320455
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/max17043/max17043.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+#include "max17043.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace max17043 {
+
+// MAX174043 is a 1-Cell Fuel Gauge with ModelGauge and Low-Battery Alert
+// Consult the datasheet at https://www.analog.com/en/products/max17043.html
+
+static const char *const TAG = "max17043";
+
+static const uint8_t MAX17043_VCELL = 0x02;
+static const uint8_t MAX17043_SOC = 0x04;
+static const uint8_t MAX17043_CONFIG = 0x0c;
+
+static const uint16_t MAX17043_CONFIG_POWER_UP_DEFAULT = 0x971C;
+static const uint16_t MAX17043_CONFIG_SAFE_MASK = 0xFF1F;  // mask out sleep bit (7), unused bit (6) and alert bit (4)
+static const uint16_t MAX17043_CONFIG_SLEEP_MASK = 0x0080;
+
+void MAX17043Component::update() {
+  uint16_t raw_voltage, raw_percent;
+
+  if (this->voltage_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    if (!this->read_byte_16(MAX17043_VCELL, &raw_voltage)) {
+      this->status_set_warning("Unable to read MAX17043_VCELL");
+    } else {
+      float voltage = (1.25 * (float) (raw_voltage >> 4)) / 1000.0;
+      this->voltage_sensor_->publish_state(voltage);
+      this->status_clear_warning();
+    }
+  }
+  if (this->battery_remaining_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    if (!this->read_byte_16(MAX17043_SOC, &raw_percent)) {
+      this->status_set_warning("Unable to read MAX17043_SOC");
+    } else {
+      float percent = (float) ((raw_percent >> 8) + 0.003906f * (raw_percent & 0x00ff));
+      this->battery_remaining_sensor_->publish_state(percent);
+      this->status_clear_warning();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void MAX17043Component::setup() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Setting up MAX17043...");
+
+  uint16_t config_reg;
+  if (this->write(&MAX17043_CONFIG, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    this->status_set_warning();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (this->read(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(&config_reg), 2) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    this->status_set_warning();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  config_reg = i2c::i2ctohs(config_reg) & MAX17043_CONFIG_SAFE_MASK;
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "MAX17043 CONFIG register reads 0x%X", config_reg);
+
+  if (config_reg != MAX17043_CONFIG_POWER_UP_DEFAULT) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Device does not appear to be a MAX17043");
+    this->status_set_error("unrecognised");
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // need to write back to config register to reset the sleep bit
+  if (!this->write_byte_16(MAX17043_CONFIG, MAX17043_CONFIG_POWER_UP_DEFAULT)) {
+    this->status_set_error("sleep reset failed");
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+}
+
+void MAX17043Component::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "MAX17043:");
+  LOG_I2C_DEVICE(this);
+  if (this->is_failed()) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Communication with MAX17043 failed");
+  }
+  LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Battery Voltage", this->voltage_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Battery Level", this->battery_remaining_sensor_);
+}
+
+float MAX17043Component::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::DATA; }
+
+void MAX17043Component::sleep_mode() {
+  if (!this->is_failed()) {
+    if (!this->write_byte_16(MAX17043_CONFIG, MAX17043_CONFIG_POWER_UP_DEFAULT | MAX17043_CONFIG_SLEEP_MASK)) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unable to write the sleep bit to config register");
+      this->status_set_warning();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace max17043
+}  // namespace esphome
diff --git a/esphome/components/max17043/max17043.h b/esphome/components/max17043/max17043.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..540b977789
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/max17043/max17043.h
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
+#include "esphome/components/i2c/i2c.h"
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace max17043 {
+
+class MAX17043Component : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  float get_setup_priority() const override;
+  void update() override;
+  void sleep_mode();
+
+  void set_voltage_sensor(sensor::Sensor *voltage_sensor) { voltage_sensor_ = voltage_sensor; }
+  void set_battery_remaining_sensor(sensor::Sensor *battery_remaining_sensor) {
+    battery_remaining_sensor_ = battery_remaining_sensor;
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  sensor::Sensor *voltage_sensor_{nullptr};
+  sensor::Sensor *battery_remaining_sensor_{nullptr};
+};
+
+}  // namespace max17043
+}  // namespace esphome
diff --git a/esphome/components/max17043/sensor.py b/esphome/components/max17043/sensor.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3da0f953b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/max17043/sensor.py
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+from esphome import automation
+from esphome.automation import maybe_simple_id
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
+    CONF_BATTERY_VOLTAGE,
+    CONF_ID,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_BATTERY,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_VOLTAGE,
+    ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
+    STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+    UNIT_PERCENT,
+    UNIT_VOLT,
+)
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
+
+max17043_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("max17043")
+MAX17043Component = max17043_ns.class_(
+    "MAX17043Component", cg.PollingComponent, i2c.I2CDevice
+)
+
+# Actions
+SleepAction = max17043_ns.class_("SleepAction", automation.Action)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(MAX17043Component),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_BATTERY_VOLTAGE): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                unit_of_measurement=UNIT_VOLT,
+                accuracy_decimals=3,
+                device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_VOLTAGE,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+                entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PERCENT,
+                accuracy_decimals=3,
+                device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_BATTERY,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+                entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
+            ),
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
+    .extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x36))
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
+
+    if voltage_config := config.get(CONF_BATTERY_VOLTAGE):
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(voltage_config)
+        cg.add(var.set_voltage_sensor(sens))
+
+    if CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL in config:
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(config[CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL])
+        cg.add(var.set_battery_remaining_sensor(sens))
+
+
+MAX17043_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
+    {
+        cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(MAX17043Component),
+    }
+)
+
+
+@automation.register_action("max17043.sleep_mode", SleepAction, MAX17043_ACTION_SCHEMA)
+async def max17043_sleep_mode_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
+    return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
diff --git a/tests/components/max17043/common.yaml b/tests/components/max17043/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c2f324212e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/max17043/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+esphome:
+  on_boot:
+    then:
+      - max17043.sleep_mode: max17043_id
+
+i2c:
+  - id: i2c_id
+    scl: ${scl_pin}
+    sda: ${sda_pin}
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: max17043
+    id: max17043_id
+    i2c_id: i2c_id
+    battery_voltage:
+      name: "Battery Voltage"
+    battery_level:
+      name: Battery
+    update_interval: 10s
diff --git a/tests/components/max17043/test.esp32-ard.yaml b/tests/components/max17043/test.esp32-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c84e0a5c2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/max17043/test.esp32-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+substitutions:
+  sda_pin: GPIO21
+  scl_pin: GPIO22
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
+
diff --git a/tests/components/max17043/test.esp32-c3-ard.yaml b/tests/components/max17043/test.esp32-c3-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9a1477d4b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/max17043/test.esp32-c3-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+substitutions:
+  sda_pin: GPIO8
+  scl_pin: GPIO10
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/max17043/test.esp32-c3-idf.yaml b/tests/components/max17043/test.esp32-c3-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9a1477d4b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/max17043/test.esp32-c3-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+substitutions:
+  sda_pin: GPIO8
+  scl_pin: GPIO10
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/max17043/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/max17043/test.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c6615f51cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/max17043/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+substitutions:
+  sda_pin: GPIO21
+  scl_pin: GPIO22
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/max17043/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/max17043/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a87353b78b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/max17043/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+substitutions:
+  sda_pin: GPIO4
+  scl_pin: GPIO5
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/max17043/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/max17043/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c6615f51cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/max17043/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+substitutions:
+  sda_pin: GPIO21
+  scl_pin: GPIO22
+
+<<: !include common.yaml