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315 lines
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ReStructuredText
315 lines
12 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. _notmuch-sexp-queries(7):
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====================
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notmuch-sexp-queries
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====================
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SYNOPSIS
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========
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**notmuch** *subcommand* ``--query=sexp`` [option ...] ``--`` '(and (to santa) (date december))'
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DESCRIPTION
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===========
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Notmuch supports an alternative query syntax based on `S-expressions
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<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-expression>`_ . It can be selected
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with the command line ``--query=sexp`` or with the appropriate option
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to the library function :c:func:`notmuch_query_create_with_syntax`.
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Support for this syntax is currently optional, you can test if your
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build of notmuch supports it with
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::
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$ notmuch config get built_with.sexpr_query
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S-EXPRESSIONS
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-------------
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An *s-expression* is either an atom, or list of whitespace delimited
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s-expressions inside parentheses. Atoms are either
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*basic value*
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A basic value is an unquoted string containing no whitespace, double quotes, or
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parentheses.
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*quoted string*
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Double quotes (") delimit strings possibly containing whitespace
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or parentheses. These can contain double quote characters by
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escaping with backslash. E.g. ``"this is a quote \""``.
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S-EXPRESSION QUERIES
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--------------------
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An s-expression query is either an atom, the empty list, or a
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*compound query* consisting of a prefix atom (first element) defining
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a *field*, *logical operation*, or *modifier*, and 0 or more
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subqueries.
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``*``
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"*" matches any non-empty string in the current field.
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``()``
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The empty list matches all messages
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*term*
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Match all messages containing *term*, possibly after stemming or
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phrase splitting. For discussion of stemming in notmuch see
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:any:`notmuch-search-terms(7)`. Stemming only applies to unquoted
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terms (basic values) in s-expression queries. For information on
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phrase splitting see :any:`fields`.
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``(`` *field* |q1| |q2| ... |qn| ``)``
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Restrict the queries |q1| to |qn| to *field*, and combine with *and*
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(for most fields) or *or*. See :any:`fields` for more information.
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``(`` *operator* |q1| |q2| ... |qn| ``)``
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Combine queries |q1| to |qn|. Currently supported operators are
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``and``, ``or``, and ``not``. ``(not`` |q1| ... |qn| ``)`` is equivalent
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to ``(and (not`` |q1| ``) ... (not`` |qn| ``))``.
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``(`` *modifier* |q1| |q2| ... |qn| ``)``
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Combine queries |q1| to |qn|, and reinterpret the result (e.g. as a regular expression).
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See :any:`modifiers` for more information.
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``(macro (`` |p1| ... |pn| ``) body)``
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Define saved query with parameter substitution. The syntax is
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recognized only in saved s-expression queries (see ``squery.*`` in
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:any:`notmuch-config(1)`). Parameter names in ``body`` must be
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prefixed with ``,`` to be expanded (see :any:`macro_examples`).
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Macros may refer to other macros, but only to their own
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parameters [#macro-details]_.
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.. _fields:
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FIELDS
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``````
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*Fields* [#aka-pref]_
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correspond to attributes of mail messages. Some are inherent (and
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immutable) like ``subject``, while others ``tag`` and ``property`` are
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settable by the user. Each concrete field in
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:any:`the table below <field-table>`
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is discussed further under "Search prefixes" in
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:any:`notmuch-search-terms(7)`. The row *user* refers to user defined
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fields, described in :any:`notmuch-config(1)`.
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Most fields are either *phrase fields* [#aka-prob]_ (which match
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sequences of words), or *term fields* [#aka-bool]_ (which match exact
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strings). *Phrase splitting* breaks the term (basic value or quoted
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string) into words, ignore punctuation. Phrase splitting is applied to
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terms in phrase (probabilistic) fields. Both phrase splitting and
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stemming apply only in phrase fields.
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Each term or phrase field has an associated combining operator
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(``and`` or ``or``) used to combine the queries from each element of
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the tail of the list. This is generally ``or`` for those fields where
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a message has one such attribute, and ``and`` otherwise.
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Term or phrase fields can contain arbitrarily complex queries made up
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from terms, operators, and modifiers, but not other fields.
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.. _field-table:
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.. table:: Fields with supported modifiers
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+------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
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| field | combine | type | expand | wildcard | regex |
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+============+===========+===========+===========+===========+==========+
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| *none* | and | | no | yes | no |
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+------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
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| *user* | and | phrase | no | yes | no |
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+------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
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| attachment | and | phrase | yes | yes | no |
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+------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
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| body | and | phrase | no | no | no |
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+------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
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| date | | range | no | no | no |
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+------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
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| folder | or | phrase | yes | yes | yes |
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+------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
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| from | and | phrase | yes | yes | yes |
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+------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
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| id | or | term | no | yes | yes |
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+------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
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| is | and | term | yes | yes | yes |
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+------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
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| lastmod | | range | no | no | no |
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+------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
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| mid | or | term | no | yes | yes |
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+------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
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| mimetype | or | phrase | yes | yes | no |
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+------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
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| path | or | term | no | yes | yes |
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+------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
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| property | and | term | yes | yes | yes |
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+------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
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| subject | and | phrase | yes | yes | yes |
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+------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
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| tag | and | term | yes | yes | yes |
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+------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
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| thread | or | term | yes | yes | yes |
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+------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
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| to | and | phrase | yes | yes | no |
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+------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
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.. _modifiers:
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MODIFIERS
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`````````
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*Modifiers* refer to any prefixes (first elements of compound queries)
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that are neither operators nor fields.
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``(infix`` *atom* ``)``
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Interpret *atom* as an infix notmuch query (see
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:any:`notmuch-search-terms(7)`). Not supported inside fields.
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``(matching`` |q1| |q2| ... |qn| ``)`` ``(of`` |q1| |q2| ... |qn| ``)``
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Match all messages have the same values of the current field as
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those matching all of |q1| ... |qn|. Supported in most term [#not-path]_ or
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phrase fields. Most commonly used in the ``thread`` field.
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``(query`` *atom* ``)``
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Expand to the saved query named by *atom*. See
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:any:`notmuch-config(1)` for more. Note that the saved query must
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be in infix syntax (:any:`notmuch-search-terms(7)`). Not supported
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inside fields.
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``(regex`` *atom* ``)`` ``(rx`` *atom* ``)``
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Interpret *atom* as a POSIX.2 regular expression (see
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:manpage:`regex(7)`). This applies in term fields and a subset [#not-phrase]_ of
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phrase fields (see :any:`field-table`).
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``(starts-with`` *subword* ``)``
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Matches any term starting with *subword*. This applies in either
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phrase or term :any:`fields <fields>`, or outside of fields [#not-body]_. Note that
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a ``starts-with`` query cannot be part of a phrase. The
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atom ``*`` is a synonym for ``(starts-with "")``.
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EXAMPLES
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========
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``Wizard``
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Match all messages containing the word "wizard", ignoring case.
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``added``
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Match all messages containing "added", but also those containing "add", "additional",
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"Additional", "adds", etc... via stemming.
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``(and Bob Marley)``
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Match messages containing words "Bob" and "Marley", or their stems
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The words need not be adjacent.
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``(not Bob Marley)``
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Match messages containing neither "Bob" nor "Marley", nor their stems,
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``"quick fox"`` ``quick-fox`` ``quick@fox``
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Match the *phrase* "quick" followed by "fox" in phrase fields (or
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outside a field). Match the literal string in a term field.
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``(folder (of (id 1234@invalid)))``
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Match any message in the same folder as the one with Message-Id "1234@invalid"
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``(id 1234@invalid blah@test)``
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Matches Message-Id "1234@invalid" *or* Message-Id "blah@test"
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``(and (infix "date:2009-11-18..2009-11-18") (tag unread))``
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Match messages in the given date range with tag unread.
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``(starts-with prelim)``
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Match any words starting with "prelim".
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``(subject quick "brown fox")``
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Match messages whose subject contains "quick" (anywhere, stemmed) and
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the phrase "brown fox".
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``(subject (starts-with prelim))``
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Matches any word starting with "prelim", inside a message subject.
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``(subject (starts-wih quick) "brown fox")``
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Match messages whose subject contains "quick brown fox", but also
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"brown fox quicksand".
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``(thread (of (id 1234@invalid)))``
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Match any message in the same thread as the one with Message-Id "1234@invalid"
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``(thread (matching (from bob@example.com) (to bob@example.com)))``
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Match any (messages in) a thread containing a message from
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"bob@example.com" and a (possibly distinct) message to "bob at
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example.com")
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``(to (or bob@example.com mallory@example.org))`` ``(or (to bob@example.com) (to mallory@example.org))``
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Match in the "To" or "Cc" headers, "bob@example.com",
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"mallory@example.org", and also "bob@example.com.au" since it
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contains the adjacent triple "bob", "example", "com".
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``(not (to *))``
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Match messages with an empty or invalid 'To' and 'Cc' field.
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``(List *)``
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Match messages with a non-empty List-Id header, assuming
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configuration ``index.header.List=List-Id``
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.. _macro_examples:
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MACRO EXAMPLES
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--------------
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A macro that takes two parameters and applies different fields to them.
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::
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$ notmuch config set squery.TagSubject '(macro (tagname subj) (and (tag ,tagname) (subject ,subj)))'
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$ notmuch search --query=sexp '(TagSubject inbox maildir)'
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Nested macros are allowed.
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::
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$ notmuch config set squery.Inner '(macro (x) (subject ,x))'
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$ notmuch config set squery.Outer '(macro (x y) (and (tag ,x) (Inner ,y)))'
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$ notmuch search --query=sexp '(Outer inbox maildir)'
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Parameters can be re-used to reduce boilerplate. Any field, including
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user defined fields is permitted within a macro.
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::
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$ notmuch config set squery.About '(macro (name) (or (subject ,name) (List ,name)))'
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$ notmuch search --query=sexp '(About notmuch)'
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NOTES
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=====
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.. [#macro-details] Technically macros impliment lazy evaluation and
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lexical scope. There is one top level scope
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containing all macro definitions, but all
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parameter definitions are local to a given macro.
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.. [#aka-pref] a.k.a. prefixes
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.. [#aka-prob] a.k.a. probabilistic prefixes
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.. [#aka-bool] a.k.a. boolean prefixes
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.. [#not-phrase] Due to the implemention of phrase fields in Xapian,
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regex queries could only match individual words.
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.. [#not-body] Due the the way ``body`` is implemented in notmuch,
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this modifier is not supported in the ``body`` field.
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.. [#not-path] Due to the way recursive ``path`` queries are implemented
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in notmuch, this modifier is not supported in the
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``path`` field.
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.. |q1| replace:: :math:`q_1`
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.. |q2| replace:: :math:`q_2`
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.. |qn| replace:: :math:`q_n`
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.. |p1| replace:: :math:`p_1`
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.. |p2| replace:: :math:`p_2`
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.. |pn| replace:: :math:`p_n`
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